Which two options are mandatory components of a multiprotocol BGP VPN-IPv4 address? (Choose two.)
A. a route distinguisher
B. an IPv4 address
C. a route target
D. an MPLS label
E. a system ID
F. an area ID
Answer: AB
Friday, 4 October 2019
Sunday, 7 October 2018
Avaya vs. Cisco: Creating Your UC Roadmap

Are you looking for a way to fuel your digital transformation (DX) journey?
Everything starts with the support of the right provider.
Avaya and Cisco are two pioneers competing in the UC industry, and both have seen significant recognition for their innovation and achievements in space. While Avaya and Cisco offer similar solutions for things like the Unified Communication Collaboration and the Contact Center services, each provider has its own strengths and weaknesses.
Introducing Avaya and Cisco
Both Cisco and Avaya are widely recognized as leaders in the industry in the unified communications and network environment. Cisco, for example, has earned a name as one of the most technologically advanced and reliable enterprise solution providers for large companies. By investing in ongoing research and development and participating in strategic acquisitions with other leading companies, Cisco has earned its place as a market leader at UC.Avaya is another name that appears frequently in a discussion related to unified communication services. As one of the best-known VoIP services on the market, Avaya has experience in both the UC space and the Contact Center. Recently, they have improved their focus on software and the cloud industry, to ensure they have the potential to provide companies that digitally transform future-proof solutions for communications.
Both Cisco and Avaya are known for their comprehensive UC solutions that include data, voice, video and team collaboration solutions. So, how do you choose the right provider for your business needs?
Financials
As of Q2 Financial Year 2018, Avaya has:
A total revenue of $672 million
An adjusted EBITDA of $187 million
Non-GAAP revenue of $757 million
For Q2 of Financial Year 2018, Cisco has
Revenue of $11.9 billion
Non-GAAP net income of $3.1 billion
Both companies are publicly traded.
Gartner says:
Avaya has been a "leader" in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Unified Communications for nine years. Despite the company's problems with Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2017, Avaya managed to stay in its first place, thanks to its diverse and highly versatile selection of CU products. In the Gartner Magic Quadrant report, the analytics company praises Avaya for its consumption-based licensing models and managed service offerings for UCaaS and CCaaS. Gartner says these solutions make it easier for customers to outsource their infrastructure services and applications to Avaya and its partners.Cisco is also a leader in the Magic Quadrant. Gartner praises the company for its innovative portfolio, which includes premise-based endpoints, flexible hybrid solutions and cloud services. According to Gartner, "Cisco's flexible hybrid solutions allow customers with facility-based solutions to integrate with the Cisco WebEx cloud for calls, meetings, and team collaboration."
Glassdoor Says:
The latest employee numbers for Avaya rank at around 8,700 staff members around the world. On the other hand, Cisco has an astronomically large company in comparison, with over 72,790 employees across the globe. Independent employment platform Glassdoor rates each company the following out of 5 for employee satisfaction:
Avaya: 3.2
Cisco 4.2
Avaya vs Cisco: Unified Communications
It is difficult to overlook the importance of unified communications, as companies constantly seek more efficient and cost-effective solutions for diverse connectivity. Organizations are looking for a way to link the aspects of their communication strategy into a single, easy-to-use platform, and both Avaya and Cisco can help with this:
Cisco Unified Communications Manager
For enterprise-level communication and collaboration services, Cisco offers Cisco Unified Communications Manager. With the intention of bringing people together in the business space at any time, regardless of the device, this service offers simple, scalable and secure call control and session management. With Cisco Communications Manager, you can consolidate your communications network and simplify calls with IP telephony, high definition video, instant messaging, unified messaging and presence features.
Avaya IP Office & Aura
Avaya IP Office (for small and medium enterprises) and Avaya Aura (for large companies) offer solutions designed to transform the average business environment into a more productive and streamlined location. With IP Office and Aura, companies can transform their interactions with customers and colleagues through a perfect platform for management and commitment. The IP Office system expands to 3,000 users and offers WebRTC applications for click connectivity to call from Microsoft Office, Salesforce and more. Avaya Aura scales hundreds of thousands of users.
Avaya vs Cisco: Collaboration
Collaboration is another area that sees a greater focus on the modern business environment. Companies know that if they want their dispersed professional communities to work together without problems, they need a platform to share information and projects safely and effectively. Cisco and Avaya offer their own alternatives to the complexity of email and phone call collaboration strategies of the past:
Cisco Spark:
An application-centric, cloud-based solution that provides full collaboration services for teams that want to send messages, create, call or connect with their coworkers, Cisco Spark has it all. Whether you want to participate on a whiteboard, work together on projects or just catch up, Cisco Spark offers a simple and effective workflow solution during, before and after meetings. It is designed to help professional teams work seamlessly together, with the functions of Meetings, Messaging and Calls.
Avaya Equinox:
On the other side of the coin, we have Avaya Equinox, the system that helps companies to train their workers by reducing the limitations of the natural collaboration environment. With Equinox, employees both in the office and on the move can connect with each other through their own team rooms. There is the option of audio conferencing, video conferencing, instant messaging and file sharing so that workers can tackle a project at the same time.
Avaya vs Cisco: Contact Center
Finally, many UC companies are beginning to explore the benefits of adding contact center features to the combination in the current market. Today's brands are beginning to realize that they need an effective strategy for customer satisfaction if they want to differentiate themselves from other firms. With that in mind, Cisco and Avaya offer contact center solutions designed to deliver an exceptional user experience and also a customer experience (CX).
Cisco Contact Center options
For agile contact centers that want to be able to quickly scale and scale based on call demand and customer needs, Cisco offers a range of software platforms for the contact center environment. These solutions come with flexible scalability, fast provisioning and minimal support costs so that organizations have everything they need to keep their customers happy. There is support for thousands of agents per platform instance, as well as intelligent contact routing, support for multichannel campaigns and more. Users can also access the next-generation agent and supervisor desktops with the Cisco Finesse feature.
Avaya Aura Contact Center
Alternatively, Avaya Aura Contact Center is designed to make managing the customer experience easier than ever with a simple user interface. Sales representatives can use Aura to manage a wide variety of customer interactions across multiple channels, including instant messaging, email, chat, SMS and more. The complete omnichannel experience offered by Aura gives brands a new way to differentiate themselves in the contact center space. Performance management is also available and a reporting module with up to 120 real-time or historical reports to choose from. More recently, Avaya has demonstrated its market leadership by acquiring a new contact center company in the cloud called Spoken Communications and has also demonstrated how blockchain technology can be integrated with its platform.
Choose the correct unified communications solution
While there are many areas in which Avaya and Cisco UC services can overlap, it is safe to say that both have their own exclusive services and benefits to offer. For most companies in today's business world, it is important to consider your options carefully before taking advantage of the perfect UC solution for your brand. Ultimately, your decision between Avaya and Cisco will depend on your personal preferences and what you look for in a communication infrastructure.
Monday, 26 March 2018
Cisco 400-101 Question Answer
Which three statements about IS-IS are true? (Choose three.)
A. IS-IS can be used only in the service provider network.
B. IS-IS can be used to route both IP and CLNP.
C. IS-IS has three different levels of authentication: interface level, process level, and domain level.
D. IS-IS is an IETF standard.
E. IS-IS has the capability to provide address summarization between areas.
F. IS-IS is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol.
Answer: BCE
Which neighbor-discovery message type is used to verify connectivity to a neighbor when the link-layer address of the neighbor is known?
A. neighbor solicitation
B. neighbor advertisement
C. router advertisement
D. router solicitation
Answer: A
A. IS-IS can be used only in the service provider network.
B. IS-IS can be used to route both IP and CLNP.
C. IS-IS has three different levels of authentication: interface level, process level, and domain level.
D. IS-IS is an IETF standard.
E. IS-IS has the capability to provide address summarization between areas.
F. IS-IS is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol.
Answer: BCE
Which neighbor-discovery message type is used to verify connectivity to a neighbor when the link-layer address of the neighbor is known?
A. neighbor solicitation
B. neighbor advertisement
C. router advertisement
D. router solicitation
Answer: A
Friday, 2 March 2018
Cisco 400-101 Question Answer
Which two statements about RSTP and MSTP BPDUs are true? (Choose two.)
A. MSTP switches can detect boundary ports when they receive RSTP version 2 BPDUs.
B. MSTP switches can detect boundary ports when they receive RSTP version 1 BPDUs.
C. RSTP switches can process MSTP version 3 BPDUs.
D. When all boundary switches are running RSTP, MST sends only version 0 configuration BPDUs.
Answer: AC
Which statement about the feasibility condition in EIGRP is true?
A. The prefix is reachable via an EIGRP peer that is in the routing domain of the router.
B. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router has multiple paths to the destination.
C. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router is closer to the destination than the router.
D. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix cannot be used as a next hop to reach the destination.
Answer: C
A. MSTP switches can detect boundary ports when they receive RSTP version 2 BPDUs.
B. MSTP switches can detect boundary ports when they receive RSTP version 1 BPDUs.
C. RSTP switches can process MSTP version 3 BPDUs.
D. When all boundary switches are running RSTP, MST sends only version 0 configuration BPDUs.
Answer: AC
Which statement about the feasibility condition in EIGRP is true?
A. The prefix is reachable via an EIGRP peer that is in the routing domain of the router.
B. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router has multiple paths to the destination.
C. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix to the router is closer to the destination than the router.
D. The EIGRP peer that advertises the prefix cannot be used as a next hop to reach the destination.
Answer: C
Monday, 1 January 2018
Who’s Hiring (BAE Systems, Amazon, ARM) Who’s Firing (Oath, Brocade Cisco)

The end of 2017 brings good news in front of engineering jobs, unless your company has been recently acquired.
First, the bad news, by the numbers:
560
That is the last dismissal announced by Oath, the new umbrella organization of Verizon that includes the former AOL, Yahoo and Huffington Post. This follows 2100 cuts right after the acquisition of Yahoo. It is not known exactly where, geographically, the ax is falling.
308
The acquisition of Brocade Communications recently completed by Broadcom means that at least 360 employees in San Jose will be dismissed, according to a filing with the Employment Development Department. This announcement comes after a layoff of 96 from the Brocade office in San Jose, attributed to delays in closing the acquisition.
60
In November, Cisco fired 60 employees from cloud operations, mostly from two companies it had acquired, according to The Information. This follows a chain of cuts throughout 2017.
75
In December, ABC News reported that 75 engineers working on the design of wind turbines and related technologies received information from General Electric in Schnectady, New York, that their jobs were being phased out, and that number is expected to increase.
Now the good news:
1200
BAE Electronic Systems in November indicated that by the end of 2017 it will have hired some 1200 engineers, manufacturers and technicians, including 300 interns, according to the New Hampshire Union Leader, with more hirings planned for 2018.
1000
ARM during a round-table press conference at ARM TechCon in October revealed that the company had hired 1,000 new staff members, mainly engineers, during 2017. Those new employees increased the total ARM workforce by 20 percent.
1000
Amazon announced in November that it will add 1,000 new technology jobs to its operations in Vancouver by 2020. 90% of current Vancouver staff members are software engineers or programmers; The new employees will be an unspecified combination of technical employees and HR and marketing personnel.
500
AXISCADES, a product engineering form based in Bangalore, said in November it would establish a new US headquarters in Indiana with 500 new employees, mostly engineers.
470
MasterCard announced in December that it will add 470 jobs to the 250 R & D employees already working at its technology center in Manhattan. This is not as exciting as it seems, the company is giving itself until 2024 to bring the new workers on board.
300-500
Also announced long-term vague plans was Shopify; The company announced in October that it will add 300 to 500 engineers, product managers, UX designers and other employees to its Waterloo headquarters.
239
Oculus, the virtual reality company now owned by Facebook, enthused engineers in the Seattle area in November, when Geekwire reported that it had listed 117 vacancies at its location in Redmond, Washington, and six more in Seattle. The company is also adding 71 to its staff at Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park, California.
Wednesday, 13 September 2017
Cisco 400-101 Question Answer
Which statement about Cisco Discovery Protocol is true?
A. The multicast address 0100.0cdd.dddd is used as the destination address for periodic advertisements.
B. An inactive VLAN that is configured on an access port passes periodic Cisco Discovery Protocol advertisements.
C. The multicast address 0100.0ccc.ccd is used as the destination address for periodic advertisements.
D. A VLAN must be active on an access port before periodic Cisco Discovery Protocol advertisements are passed.
Answer: D
Which statement about WAN Ethernet Services is true?
A. Rate-limiting can be configured per EVC.
B. Point-to-point processing and encapsulation are performed on the customer network.
C. Ethernet multipoint services function as a multipoint-to-multipoint VLAN-based connection.
D. UNIs can perform service multiplexing and all-in-one bundling.
Answer: A
A. The multicast address 0100.0cdd.dddd is used as the destination address for periodic advertisements.
B. An inactive VLAN that is configured on an access port passes periodic Cisco Discovery Protocol advertisements.
C. The multicast address 0100.0ccc.ccd is used as the destination address for periodic advertisements.
D. A VLAN must be active on an access port before periodic Cisco Discovery Protocol advertisements are passed.
Answer: D
Which statement about WAN Ethernet Services is true?
A. Rate-limiting can be configured per EVC.
B. Point-to-point processing and encapsulation are performed on the customer network.
C. Ethernet multipoint services function as a multipoint-to-multipoint VLAN-based connection.
D. UNIs can perform service multiplexing and all-in-one bundling.
Answer: A
Monday, 1 May 2017
Cisco 400-101 Question Answer
Which two statements are true about an EPL? (Choose two.)
A. It is a point-to-point Ethernet connection between a pair of NNIs.
B. It allows for service multiplexing.
C. It has a high degree of transparency.
D. The EPL service is also referred to as E-line.
Answer: CD
Which statement is true about LLDP?
A. LLDP provides VTP support.
B. "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 87 Cisco 400-101 Exam LLDP does not use a multicast address to communicate.
C. LLDP can indicate only the duplex setting of a link, and not the speed capabilities.
D. LLDP does not support native VLAN indication.
Answer: D
A. It is a point-to-point Ethernet connection between a pair of NNIs.
B. It allows for service multiplexing.
C. It has a high degree of transparency.
D. The EPL service is also referred to as E-line.
Answer: CD
Which statement is true about LLDP?
A. LLDP provides VTP support.
B. "Pass Any Exam. Any Time." - www.actualtests.com 87 Cisco 400-101 Exam LLDP does not use a multicast address to communicate.
C. LLDP can indicate only the duplex setting of a link, and not the speed capabilities.
D. LLDP does not support native VLAN indication.
Answer: D
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